‹ E-CIPM 25-518: JOAN, LATE COUNTESS OF WESTMORLAND ›

Holdings

She held no lands or tenements of the king in chief in demesne as of fee, in service, for life, or in any other way.

Holdings

She held no lands or tenements of the king, or any other, in demesne or service. James Strangweys and Robert Strangweys, esquire , were, however, formerly seised of the following manors and advowson in demesne as of fee. A fine was levied at Westminster one month from Easter 1416 [CP 25/1/291/63, no. 43], before Richard Norton and his associates, king’s justices of the Bench, between James Strangweys and Robert Strangweys, querents , and Ralph, late earl of Westmorland , and Joan, then his wife, deforciants. The late earl and Joan recognised the manors and advowson to be the right of Robert, as held by Robert and James by grant of the late earl and Joan. For that recognition, James and Robert granted the manors and advowson, among other things, with royal licence previously obtained [CPR 1413–16, p. 378], to the late earl and Joan, and the heirs male of their bodies, as apparent in a transcript of the fine and in a certain inquisition taken at Saffron Walden after the death of the late earl [CIPM XXII, no. 647], before Thomas Stokdale . The fine and inquisition were shown to the jurors. The late earl and Joan were thus seised in demesne as of fee tail. They had issue: Richard, earl of Salisbury , still living, and the late earl died seised of his estate. After his death, right in the manors and advowson accrued to Joan, and she entered and occupied them continuously until, by deed, shown to the jurors, she demised them at farm to Richard, earl of Salisbury , her son, to have for the term of 3 years. Richard was thus seised and possessed of the manors and advowson and, afterwards, within the term of 3 years, Joan, by deed sealed with her seal, shown to the jurors, quitclaimed the manors and advowson to Richard and his heirs. [Royal licence was not obtained and] the king afterwards pardoned Richard by letters patent, shown to the jurors [CPR 1436–41, p. 496]. Richard, earl of Salisbury, was thus seised in demesne as of fee of the manors and advowson, and he continued in this estate for all of Joan’s life. She thus did not die seised of the manors and advowson, nor any parcel of the same. The manors and advowson are held of the king in chief.

Holdings

She held the following in dowerⁿ⁴²⁶ by endowment of Ralph, late earl of Westmorland, her former husband, from the inheritance of Ralph, present earl of Westmorland, assigned by Roger de Thornton, late mayor of the vill and king’s escheator by virtue of the king’s writ, according to an inquisition taken before him by order of ‪Henry VI and returned to Chancery[CIPM XXII, no. 644]. Reversion belongs to Ralph, present earl, and his heirs, as kin and heir of Ralph Neville , viz., son of John son of the said Ralph, late earl. ⁿ⁴²⁷ She held the following to her and the heirs male of her body and the body of Ralph, late earl, her former husband. ⁿ⁴³⁰ The annuity was granted, among other things, by ‪ Richard II, by letters patent dated at Windsor Castle on 7 October 1397 [CPR 1396–99, p. 267], shown to the jurors, to Ralph, described as his beloved and faithful kinsman, Ralph Neville, then earl of Westmorland , and Joan, described as Joan his wife, and the heirs male of their bodies. ⁿ⁴³¹

Holdings

She held the following in dower as 515, by assignment of William Strother, lately king’s escheator, by virtue of the king’s writ.

Holdings

She held the following to her and the heirs male of her body and the body of Ralph, late earl of Westmorland , her former husband, by grant, among other things, of ‪ Richard II, by letters patent dated at Windsor Castle on 7 October 1397 [CPR 1396–99, p. 267], shown to the jurors, to the said Ralph and Joan and the heirs male of their bodies.ⁿ⁴³³ They were described as his beloved and faithful kinsman, Ralph Neville, then earl of Westmorland, and Joan his wife. The manors, vills, and hamlets with the member, and a certain rent of £120, also in the letters, taken yearly from the customs and subsidies in the port of Newcastle upon Tyne by the hand of the collectors, are held of the king in chief by knight service. She held the manor of Lidell Strength for life by grant of John, late duke of Lancaster, great-grandfather of the king who is his heir, to Ralph and Joan for their lives, with reversion at the time of Joan’s death to the king and his heirs, as kin and heir of the late duke. ⁿ⁴³⁴ She held the manors of Gamblesby and Unthank to her and the heirs of her body and the body of Ralph, late earl, by grant of John Neville, chevalier, son of John Neville, chevalier . The grant was made by a fine levied at Westminster on the quindene of Martinmas 1416 [CP 25/1/291/63, no. 49], shown to the jurors. She held the following for life, with remainder at the time of her death to the king and his heirs, by grant of Henry, cardinal of England , Thomas, late bishop of Durham , and John Burgham , to Joan and Ralph, late earl , then her husband, for their lives, with remainder to ‪ Henry IV, then king, and his heirs.

Holdings

She held the following in dower from the inheritance of Ralph, present earl of Westmorland, by assignment of Hugh Lowthre, lately king’s escheator, by virtue of the king’s writ, according to an inquisition taken before him by order of ‪Henry VI and returned to Chancery [not found in CIPM XXII].

Holdings

John, late duke of Lancaster , grandfather of the present king who is his heir, was seised in demesne as of fee simple of the wapentakes of Hang, Halikeld, and Gilling. Thus seised, by his letters patent dated on 13 February 1397, shown to the jurors, in which he was described as John, son of the king of England, duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, and steward of England , he granted the wapentakes, among other things, described as his three wapentakes of Hang, Halikeld, and Gilling, that the lord John Marmyon held of the late duke in Yorkshire, to Ralph, late earl of Westmorland , and Joan, lately countess of Westmorland , then his wife, described as his well-beloved son, Lord Neville, and his well-beloved daughter Joan, his consort, who was wife of the lord Robert Ferrers , to hold to the late earl and Joan for their lives.ⁿ⁴³⁶ They were thus seised in demesne as of free tenement. By his letters patent, dated at his castle of Leicester on 20 January 1399, shown to the jurors, the late duke afterwards granted the wapentakes to the late earl and Joan, and the heirs male of their bodies, to hold of the late duke and his heirs, with remainder to certain persons and their heirs, as clear in the deed. The late duke was described as John son of the king of England, duke of Lancaster, earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, and steward of England . The late earl and Joan were thus seised of the wapentakes in demesne as of fee tail. The late earl died jointly seised of this estate with Joan and, by his death, right in the wapentakes accrued to Joan. She was continuously seised of them in demesne as of fee tail, and died so seised.

held of the king as of his duchy of Lancaster by fealty only. She held the following for life by grant of the late duke of Lancaster, with reversion to the king and his heirs. The manors and rent are parcel of the duchy of Lancaster and are held of the king as of the same. By letters patent under the seal of his duchy of Lancaster, dated at Reading Abbey on 30 January 1440 and shown to the jurors, the king granted, for good service past and future, the manors of Easingwold and Huby to Richard, earl of Salisbury , described as his most beloved kinsman, to hold to him, his kin, and executors from the time of Joan’s death for the term of 20 years, rendering nothing to the king or his heirs, in full satisfaction for £666 13s. 4d. owed to the earl by the king. She held the following messuages, land, and meadow, jointly with Richard Neville, earl of Salisbury , Peter Fryston , and Robert Knayton , clerks, all still living, by enfeoffment of John Bedale, clerk, vicar of Aysgarth . The enfeoffment was made by charter, shown to the jurors, to Joan, described as Joan, countess of Westmorland , Richard, Peter, and Robert, and their heirs and assigns, and the messuages etc. were described as all the messuages, lands, tenements, meadows, rents and services in the vills and territories of Aysgarth and Thornton Rust in Wensleydale, that John held by enfeoffment of Adam Lyghtfote. She held the following jointly with Richard Neville, earl of Salisbury , by enfeoffment of John de Allewente, clerk, rector of Wensley . The enfeoffment was made by charter, shown to the jurors, to Joan, described as Joan, countess of Westmorland , and Richard, earl of Salisbury , and their heirs and assigns. She held no more lands or tenements of the king, or any other, in demesne or service except advowson of the church of Middleham and certain knights’ fees and part-fees, as contained in her deed to Richard, earl of Salisbury , regarding, among other things, the castle, manor, and lordship of Middleham. The late earl and Joan were, however, formerly seised of the following by demise of Thomas Grene, esquire , and John Morton, to the late earl and Joan, to them and the heirs male of their bodies, by a fine levied at Westminster on the morrow of the Ascension 1408 [CP 25/1/279/151, no. 9], shown to the jurors. The late earl and Joan were described as Ralph Neville of Raby, earl of Westmorland , and Joan his wife. The late earl and Joan were also lately seised of the following, among other things, to them and the heirs male of their bodies, by grant of James Strangweys and Robert Strangweys, esquire [CPR 1401–1405, p. 470]. The grant was made by a fine levied at Westminster one month from Easter 1416 [CP 25/1/291/63, no. 43], shown to the jurors, to Ralph and Joan, described as Ralph, earl of Westmorland, and Joan his wife. The late earl and Joan were thus seised and possessed of the castle, manors, messuages, land, meadow, wood, pasture, moor, rent, ferry, weir, and advowsons, contained in the fines, and John Neville , first-born son of Ralph, late earl of Westmorland , by deed enrolled in the court of ‪ Henry IV, shown to the jurors, confirmed the estate of the late earl and Joan, described as Ralph, earl of Westmorland , his father, and Joan his wife, in the following, to hold to them and the heirs male of their bodies: the castle and manor of Sheriff Hutton, and the messuages in East Lilling, West Lilling, and Cornbrough, described as 32 messuages and 20 cottages, land, meadow, wood, and pasture, among other things, as described in the fine of 1408. By another deed, enrolled in the court of ‪Henry V, shown to the jurors, John confirmed the estate of the late earl and Joan in all the manors, messuages, land, meadow, wood, pasture, moor, rent, ferry, weir, and advowsons, among other things, as described in the fine of 1416. He also bound him and his heirs to guarantee the castle etc. contained in the fines to the late earl and Joan, and the heirs male of their bodies, against all people. The late earl afterwards died jointly seised with Joan of his estate and, by his death, right in the castle etc. accrued to Joan. She continued in her estate until 19 September 1439, with the following exceptions: lands and tenements in Cornbrough that Thomas Witham holds to him and his heirs, and so held at the time of Joan’s death, by grant by charter of Joan, described as Joan, countess of Westmorland, in exchange for certain lands and tenements in the vills of Askrigg, Newbiggin, Nappa, and Carperby; the manor of Hundburton that Robert Strangweys, esquire, holds for life, and so held at the time of Joan’s death, by grant by charter of Joan, described as the venerable lady Joan, countess of Westmorland , to Robert and Maud his wife, she now deceased; and advowson of the church of Welton where Joan founded a chantry of two chaplains, with royal licence previously obtained [CPR 1436–41, p. 137]. On 19 September 1439, by deed sealed with her arms, shown to the jurors, Joan, described as Joan, countess of Westmorland, demised to Richard, earl of Salisbury , still living, the castle, manors etc. contained in the fines, exceptions as above excepted, together with reversion of the manor of Hundburton, among other things, described as the castle and manor of Sheriff Hutton with all their members, and all other manors, lands, tenements, rents, services, reversions, advowsons, and possessions with all their members that she had in the county – reserving to her all lands, tenements, rents, and services granted to her by John, late duke of Lancaster, her father, rent and farm of the castle, manor, and lordship of Middleham, and of all other lands and tenements upon their demise by the countess to the earl, and all lands, tenements, reversions, rents, and services purchased by the countess – to hold to the earl of Salisbury from Pentecost then last for the term of 3 years. By virtue of the demise, he occupied the castle, manors, messuages, land, meadow, wood, pasture, moor, rent, ferry, weir, and advowsons, exceptions excepted, and was seised and possessed of them. During the said term of 3 years, Joan, by another deed, sealed with her arms and shown to the jurors, described as Joan, countess of Westmorland , quitclaimed for her and her heirs the castle etc. – described as the castle and manor of Sheriff Hutton, the manor of Raskelf, and various other manors, lands, tenements, rents, services, reversions, advowsons, and possessions with all their members that she then had in the county – to the earl of Salisbury and his heirs and assigns, described as Richard, earl of Salisbury , her son, to hold to him and his heirs and assigns. By virtue of the quitclaim, the earl was thus seised in demesne as of fee and of reversion of the manor of Hundburton in fee simple. He continued in this estate for all of Joan’s life, at the time of her death, and afterwards, and he yet so continues. The quitclaim was made without royal licence regarding the castle and manor of Sheriff Hutton and the manor of Raskelf, and the king pardoned the earl of Salisbury by letters patent shown to the jurors [CPR 1436–41, p. 496]. Joan thus did not die seised of the castle, manors, messuages, land, meadow, wood, pasture, moor, rent, ferry, weir and advowsons contained in the fines, nor of any parcel of the same. With the exception of the castle and manor of Sheriff Hutton and the manor of Raskelf, none of the manors, messuages etc. in the fines is held of the king. The late earl, described as Ralph, earl of Westmorland , Lord Neville of Raby and Middleham , by his charter dated on 2 May 1421, shown to the jurors, granted the following to the lord William Horne, clerk, the lord William Tunstall, chaplain , Gilbert Wawton , and John Quixley , and their heirs and assigns: the castle, manor, and lordship of Middleham and the manor of Carlton in Coverdale, with all lands, tenements, liberties, franchises, warrens, free chases, knights’ fees, advowsons and patronages of churches, abbeys, priors, chapels, and chantries, reversions, rents, services, fairs, markets, and all other possessions in the same, the manor, vill and bailiwick of Bainbridge, free chase in Wensleydale and all other lands, tenements, meadows, pastures, and woods that the late earl had in Wensleydale, the barony of Worton, the manors of West Witton, Woodhall, Kettlewell, Thoralby, and Newbiggin with Bishopdale, with all manors, lands, tenements, rents, and services that the late earl had within Bishopdale, and all other lands, tenements, rents, services, fees, advowsons, reversions, franchises, liberties and all things and possessions that the late earl had in the said manors, barony, and vills and also in the vills of Burton, Walden, and Braithwaite, and £10 rent from the castle and manor of Wilton. The late earl also bound him and his heirs to guarantee all things contained in the charter to William, William, Gilbert, and John. William, William, Gilbert, and John, were thus seised in demesne as of fee. By charters dated on 8 January 1422 and 9 January 1422, shown to the jurors, William, William, Gilbert, and John granted the following to the late earl and Joan, described as Ralph, earl of Westmorland , Lord Neville of Raby, and Joan, his consort, to hold to them for their lives without impeachment of waste, with remainder to Richard, earl of Salisbury , described as Richard Neville, knight , son of Ralph, earl , to hold for life. The charter of 8 January specified the castle, manor, and lordship of Middleham, the manor of Carlton in Coverdale, and all lands, tenements, liberties, franchises, warrens, free chases, knights’ fees, advowsons and patronages of churches, abbeys, priories, chapels, and chantries, reversions, rents, services, fairs, markets, and all other possessions in the same, the barony of Worton, the manors of West Witton, Woodhall, Kettlewell, Thoralby, and Newbiggin with Bishopdale, with all the manors, lands, tenements, rents, and services that William, William, Gilbert, and John had in Bishopdale, and all the other lands, tenements, rents, services, fees, advowsons, reversions, franchises, liberties and all things and possessions that they had in the same manors, barony, and vills, and in the vills of Burton, Walden, and Braithwaite, and the £10 rent from the castle and manor of Wilton. The charter of 9 January specified the manor, vill, and bailiwick of Bainbridge, the free chase in Wensleydale, and all the other lands, tenements, meadows, pastures, and wood, that William, William, Gilbert, and John had in Wensleydale. The late earl and Joan were thus seised in demesne as of free tenement, and the late earl died jointly seised of that estate with Joan. By his death, right accrued to Joan and she continued in her estate until 20 September 1437, with the following exception: the manor of Braithwaite that John Quixley holds for life, and so held at the time of Joan’s death, by grant made by Joan by charter. On 20 September 1437, by deed sealed with her arms, shown to the jurors, Joan, described as the honourable and noble lady Joan, countess of Westmorland , demised the following at farm, among other things, to the earl of Salisbury, described as Richard, earl of Salisbury , son of the countess, to hold to him for life, rendering 600 marks legal money to Joan and her assigns at the four terms of the year, as fully shown in the deed: the castle etc. specified in the charters of 8 January and 9 January, with the exception of the manor of Braithwaite, described as the castle, manor, and lordship of Middleham, with the manors of Carlton in Coverdale, West Witton, Woodhall, Kettlewell, Thoralby, and Newbiggin with Bishopdale, Burton, Walden, the barony of Worton, the manor, vill, and bailiwick of Bainbridge, free chase of Wensleydale, and other lands, tenements, rents, services, liberties, franchises, warrens, free chases, fairs, markets, and possessions that Joan then had within the said manors, lordships, barony, and vills and within Coverdale, Bishopdale, and Wensleydale, excepting the advowsons and knights’ fees held of the said lordships, barony, lands, and tenements. The earl of Salisbury was thus seised, exceptions excepted, in demesne as of free tenement, and he continued in this estate for the whole of Joan’s life and at the time of her death. He yet continues in this estate. Joan thus did not hold the castle, manors, lands, tenements, rents, services, possession and things specified in the charters of 8 January and 9 January, nor any parcel of the same, except the advowsons and knights’ fees excepted in the deed dated on 20 September. Neither did she die seised of the castle, manors, lands, tenements, rents, services, possessions, and things specified in that deed, nor any parcel of the same, except as follows. The knights’ fees extend at the above sums, when they fall, and were described in the charter of 20 September as the knights’ fees held of the lordships, barony, lands, and tenements beforesaid. The knights’ fees are parcel of the manor and lordship of Middleham, and have been so from time immemorial. She thus held the advowson and knights’ fees for life by demise of William Horne , William Tunstall , Gilbert Wawton , and John Quixley , by the charter dated on 8 January, with remainder to the earl of Salisbury for life. The advowson and knights’ fees, and the castle, manor, and lordship of Middleham, and all the other manors, lands, tenements, rents, services, reversions, possessions, and things specified in the charter dated on 2 May 1421, and the charters dated on 8 and 9 January, except the £10 rent, are held of the king as of his honour of Richmond.ⁿ⁴³⁷ Long before his death, by another deed sealed with his arms, dated at Snape on 15 May 1424, shown to the jurors, the late earl – described as Ralph, earl of Westmorland, Lord Neville of Raby and Middleham – granted the following to the lord William Tunstall, lord William Horne, clerks, both now deceased, Gilbert Wawton , still living, John Morton , now deceased, and John Quixley , still living, and their heirs and assigns: his manors of Snape, Well, Great Crakehall, Rand Grange , Newton le Willows, East Hauxwell, Great Busby, Faceby, Carlton, Hinderwell, Coniston Cold, Sowth Cowton, Fearby, Leyburn, Sutton on the Forest, the bailiwick of Langbargh, and all the other lands, tenements, rents, services, fees, advowsons of churches, chantries, and hospitals, reversions, warrens, franchises, liberties, and all other things and possessions that the late earl had in the vills of Snape, Well, Great Crakehall, Rand Grange, Newton le Willows, East Hauxwell, Great Busby, Faceby, Carlton, Hinderwell, Coniston Cold, Sowth Cowton, Fearby, Leyburn, Sutton on the Forest, Askrigg, Nappa, Carperby, Little Crakehall, Bowes, Boldron, Stony Keld, Barningham, Lartington,ⁿ⁴³⁸ and East Harlsey or West Harlsey (Harlesay). The late earl also bound him and his heirs to guarantee the manors, lands, tenements, bailiwick, rents, services, fees, advowsons, reversions, warrens, franchises, and liberties to the same William, William, Gilbert, John, and John, and their heirs and assigns. ⁿ⁴³⁹ William, William etc. [as above] were thus seised in demesne as of fee, and they continued in this estate for all of the late earl’s life, at the time of his death, and long afterwards. Gilbert and John Quixley [the only two surviving] continue their estate in the manors of East Hauxwell, Sowth Cowton, and Coniston Cold, and all the lands and tenements in East Hauxwell, Coniston Cold, Sowth Cowton, Boldron, Bowes, Stony Keld, Barningham, and Lartington. After the death of John Morton and, similarly, after the death of the late earl, by charter, shown to the jurors, William Horne, described as William Horne, clerk, William Tunstall , described as William Tunstall, clerk, Gilbert, and John Quixley , demised the following to George Neville, Lord Latimer , still living, described as George Neville, knight, Lord Latimer, son of Ralph, late earl of Westmorland, to hold to him and the heirs of his body, with remainder to certain persons and their heirs, as specified in the charter: the manors of Snape and Well, among other things, and all the other lands, tenements, rents, services, commodities, and profits, that they had in the vills of Snape and Well, except a moiety of the ground and wood of Snape, called ‘le Westwod’, with free entrance and exit, and advowson of the hospital of St Michael of Well. The manors, lands, tenements, rents, and services, are held of the king as of his honour of Richmond. George was thus seised in demesne as of fee tail, exceptions excepted, and he continued in this estate, taking the issues for all of Joan’s life and at the time of her death. He continues in this estate and yet takes the issues. Joan thus did not die seised of the above, nor any parcel of the same, and neither did she hold the above, nor any parcels thereof, in any manner. Furthermore, after the death of John Morton and the late earl, by another charter, shown to the jurors, William Horne , described as the lord William Horne, clerk, William Tunstall , described as the lord William Tunstall, clerk, Gilbert Wawton , and John Quixley, granted the following to Richard, earl of Salisbury, described as Richard Neville, earl of Salisbury , to hold to him, and the heirs male of his body, with remainder to certain persons and their heirs, as specified in the charter: the manors of Great Crakehall and Little Crakehall, Rand Grange , and Newton le Willows , and all the lands and tenements that they had in Little Crakehall, described as their manors of Great Crakehall, Little Crakehall, Rand Grange, and Newton le Willows, with all the lands, tenements, rents, services, knights’ fees, wards, reliefs, escheats, liberties, franchises, warrens, profits, and commodities in the same manors.ⁿ⁴⁴⁰ The manors, lands, tenements, rents, services, and knights’ fees are held the king as of his honour of Richmond. The earl of Salisbury was thus seised in demesne as of fee tail, and he continued in this estate, taking the issues for all of Joan’s life and at the time of her death. He continues in this estate and yet takes the issues. Joan thus did not die seised of the manors, nor any parcel of the same, and neither did she hold the manors, nor any parcels thereof, in any manner. Similarly, by charter, shown to the jurors, William Horne , described as the lord William Horne, clerk, William Tunstall , described as William Tunstall, chaplain, Gilbert Wawton, John Morton , and John Quixley , demised the following to William Neville, knight, Lord Fauconberg, described as William Neville, knight, son of Ralph, late earl of Westmorland, to hold to him and the heirs male of his body, with remainder to certain persons and their heirs, as specified in the charter: the manor of Sutton on the Forest, the bailiwick of Langbargh, and all the other lands, tenements, rents, services, fees, advowsons of churches and chantries, reversions, warrens, franchises, liberties, and all other things and possessions that they lately had in Sutton on the Forest by enfeoffment of Ralph, late earl. William, Lord Fauconberg was thus seised in demesne as of fee tail, and he continued in this estate, taking the issues for all of Joan’s life and at the time of her death. He continues in this estate and yet takes the issues. Joan thus did not die seised of the manors, nor any parcel of the same, and neither did she hold the manors, nor any parcels thereof, in any manner. Similarly too, after the death of John Morton, by charter shown to the jurors, William Horne , described as William Horne, clerk, William Tunstall , described as William Tunstall, clerk, Gilbert Wawton , and John Quixley , granted the following to Thomas Witham ,to hold to him for life: all the lands and tenements in Askrigg, Nappa, Newbiggin, and Carperby, described as all the lands, tenements, rents, services, commodities, and profits, that they had in the vills and hamlets of Askrigg, Nappa, Carperby, and Newbiggin in Wensleydale. The lands and tenements are not held of the king, nor is any parcel thereof. Thomas was thus seised in demesne as of free tenement and, after the death of William Horne and John Morton, while he was thus seised and possessed, William Tunstall , Gilbert, and John Quixley , by deed shown to the jurors, quitclaimed to Thomas and his heirs and assigns the above lands and tenements, described as all those lands, tenements, rents, and services in Askrigg, Newbiggin, Nappa, and Carperby, that they lately had by enfeoffment of Ralph, late earl of Westmorland . By virtue of the quitclaim, Thomas was seised in demesne as of fee and he afterwards continued in this estate. By grant of Thomas, Joan afterwards held the same lands and tenements to her and her heirs in exchange for the lands and tenements excepted above in Cornbrough. She then granted, by charter, shown to the jurors, in which she was described as Joan, countess of Westmorland , the lands and tenements in Askrigg, Newbiggin, Nappa, and Carperby to Thomas, to hold for life, and he held and occupied them at the time of Joan’s death. She did not die seised of those lands and tenements, nor any parcel of the same, and neither did she hold them, nor any parcels thereof, in any way. Thomas Asspore holds the following for life, and so held them at the time of Joan’s death, by grant by charter, shown to the jurors, of William Tunstall , described as the lord William Tunstall, clerk, Gilbert Wawton , and John Quixley :ⁿ⁴⁴¹ all the lands, rents, and tenements in Leyburn, with the exception of fees, wards, marriages, reliefs, escheats, the quarry of slate (sclatstone), and the principle wood. Joan thus did not die seised of the lands, rents, and tenements, nor any parcel of the same, and neither did she hold them, nor any parcel thereof, in any way. The lands, rents, and tenements are held of John Lescrop, esquire , as of his manor of Thornton Steward.